Spain has recorded an unprecedented decline in reading comprehension in the latest PISA assessment, with students performing approximately one school year below earlier benchmarks. The result has renewed debate over teaching methods, learning gaps, digital distractions and the long-term effects of disrupted schooling. Education officials and experts are expected to examine differences between regions, socioeconomic groups and school systems. The findings could lead to calls for targeted literacy programs, stronger teacher support and broader reforms aimed at improving student outcomes.
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