The number of Russian citizens holding valid residence permits in the European Union reached 876,600 at the end of 2025, up from 771,800 in 2021, according to an analysis of Eurostat data. That is a 13.6% increase since before Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Germany hosted the largest community, with 218,000 Russian residents, followed by Spain with 116,800 and Estonia with 78,400. The trend varied by country: Latvia, Estonia and the Czech Republic recorded declines, while southern European destinations saw notable growth.
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