Pope Leo XIV appealed to the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX) as the Vatican faces a potential formal split tied to the group’s plans to consecrate new bishops on July 1 without papal consent.

The Vatican has said the ceremony would constitute a schismatic act under Church law and would bring automatic excommunication for both the bishops who perform the consecration and those who receive it. The SSPX, which broke with Rome in 1988 after Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre consecrated bishops without approval, remains outside full communion with the Holy See and continues to operate as a parallel Catholic reality in many countries.

In response to the looming July 1 date, the Vatican’s efforts included invitations for dialogue—conditioned on the society suspending the consecrations. The SSPX rejected the Vatican’s offer of talks, arguing that the prospect of sanctions and schism prevents genuine dialogue. The group’s leadership said doctrinal discussions are impossible under those circumstances and that it would not agree to the Vatican II framework as Rome understands it.

Pope Leo’s intervention came amid a broader attempt to cool tensions with traditionalist Catholics after worsening relations under Pope Francis. While the SSPX remains in tension with Rome, other traditionalist Catholics who are loyal to the Holy See are watching closely to see whether the Vatican can avert escalation.

The dispute is now framed as a first tangible crisis for Pope Leo’s pontificate: whether the Vatican can persuade the SSPX to halt the consecrations and keep communion intact, or whether the July 1 ceremony will harden divisions into a new, open schism.