“Perspectives with Neilo” frames its discussion around an Irish Times investigation that said alumina produced at Aughinish Alumina was exported to Russian smelters, with downstream aluminium entering supply chains linked to Russia’s defence industry. It uses that example to broaden into the larger geopolitical issue of “economic security”: how investment and trade relationships can become strategic leverage, how democracies struggle to unwind those dependencies, and what governments must consider when balancing jobs and economic activity against national resilience and foreign-policy risk.

The conversation highlights specific policy questions, including why alumina is not covered by the current EU sanctions regime despite Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, and the political and moral choices faced by the Irish government. It also discusses how “strategic dependency” works in practice—particularly when critical industries involve long, complex supply chains that can blunt the effectiveness of sanctions—and what lessons Ireland (and Europe) should draw for protecting critical infrastructure and maintaining democratic stability in an increasingly uncertain world.