Leaked files reviewed by Reuters, alongside testimony from European officials, claim that China conducted covert military training for Russian forces in 2025, with Russian leadership personally authorizing the effort. The reporting says at least four Russian and Chinese generals were involved and that the program included instruction connected to radiological, biological and chemical warfare protection.

The documents reportedly reference an internal decree issued by Russian Defense Minister Andrei Belousov in August 2025. According to the files, a Russian armed-forces delegation traveled to China to take part in training exercises at People’s Liberation Army (PLA) facilities.

Reuters reports that one course described in the material was a three-week session in Beijing in November, focused on radiological and chemical and biological defense. The reporting also says Russian troops were taught topics such as chemical reconnaissance, radiation reconnaissance, and protecting ventilation systems from contamination. European officials cited in the report argue the subject matter is especially sensitive for militaries and suggests strategic depth to Russia-China cooperation.

China’s defense and foreign ministries did not accept the allegations, with Beijing describing them as entirely unfounded. The Kremlin similarly declined to engage directly with the claims in related reporting.

European officials say they are assessing what additional steps, including potential responses, may be warranted given the alleged training and its implications for Russia’s war effort.